Overview Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat aortic stenosis, a condition
in which the aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the heart.
Aortic stenosis, one of the most common forms of heart valve disease,
typically occurs when the aortic valve becomes stiff or congested due
to calcium buildup over time. In addition to age-related changes, some
people are born with an aortic valve that has two leaflets rather than
the typical three, a condition known as a bicuspid aortic valve. These
individuals may experience aortic stenosis earlier in life.
TAVR offers an alternative to traditional open aortic valve replacement
surgery. Instead of opening the patient’s chest ("open heart
surgery") to replace a compromised valve, surgeons performing TAVR
make a small incision in the groin or chest for insertion of a catheter
(a flexible, hollow tube). The catheter is guided to the heart using advanced
imaging techniques, while a compressed replacement valve is sent through
the catheter to the site of the faulty aortic valve. Once in position,
the new valve is expanded, often with the help of a balloon, to place
it within the old valve. The operating physician checks for proper functioning
of the new valve, and then removes the catheter and closes the incision.
Who’s a candidate? Our multidisciplinary structural heart team determines eligibility for
a TAVR procedure through consideration of a physical exam, imaging results,
and health history. Criteria also include:
The
severity of aortic stenosis (narrowing of the valve)
The
level of symptoms the patient is experiencing (chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.)
Age and other health issues
Although, TAVR is often indicated for more elderly or frail patients as
a minimally invasive approach for those who would otherwise be unable
to tolerate an open heart procedure.
Benefits TAVR is a less invasive procedure than traditional open aortic valve replacement
surgery, requiring only a small incision, without the need to stop the
heart. Patients typically recover faster from TAVR than from open-heart
surgery. Many are able to get up and walk the same day as the procedure,
and can go home in as little as one or two days. TAVR has a lower risk
of complications than open-heart surgery and is often a safer option for
older adults. Patients often experience significant improvement in symptoms
like shortness of breath and fatigue, which can dramatically enhance one’s
quality of life.
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